What are the Different Window Styles? - Your Ultimate Guide
Looking to learn more about the various types of windows available for residences and commercial buildings? Are you considering an upgrade in your home or office and want to understand window styles and their functionality?
Whatever your project, our window guide is here to give you the information you need to make a smart and informed choice for your window upgrade.
The Different Types of Residential Windows
Windows are an essential part of any home, letting in natural light, providing ventilation and offering views of the outdoors. But with so many window styles on the market and various code requirements depending on location, choosing the right one for your needs can be overwhelming.
If you're a homeowner or builder looking to purchase new residential windows, some of the most common types of windows include:
Vertical sliding windows
Horizontal sliding windows
Casement windows
Awning windows
Picture windows
Bay and bow windows
Vertical Sliding Windows
A classic choice, vertical sliding windows feature two sashes that slide vertically along a track. These windows come in two main varieties:
Single-hung windows: A budget-friendly option, single-hung windows have only the bottom sash (the panels that comprise a window unit) that slides up for ventilation and cleaning. They are a good choice for basements or rooms where the upper window sash is not needed.
Double-hung windows: Offering more versatility, double-hung windows have both sashes that slide up and down. This allows for ventilation at different window levels and easier cleaning of the upper sash.
Vertical sliding windows are relatively easy to operate. Tilt-in sashes on some models allow for easy cleaning and the classic look complements many architectural styles.
However, cleaning high windows on double-hung styles can be difficult, and some building codes may restrict window size in egress areas — like bedrooms and basements — if they can't be opened wide enough. It’s always a good idea to check your local requirements when planning your project.
Horizontal Sliding Windows (Slider Windows)
Also known as slider windows, horizontal sliding windows feature sashes that slide horizontally along a track. They are easy to operate, especially for larger windows.
Horizontal sliding windows offer unobstructed views when open and are a good choice for wide openings where a single large pane of glass is desired.
However, these windows may offer less ventilation than vertical sliders since only one sash opens at a time. Larger sashes can also be heavier to move and may require additional support over wider openings.
Casement Windows
Hinged on the side like a door, casement windows crank or push open outward from the frame. These windows offer excellent ventilation since they can be opened wide, and the entire sash is easily accessible for cleaning. Their clean lines and outward opening mechanism also create a modern look.
Casement windows may not be suitable for areas with limited exterior space, such as close proximity to a walkway or patio furniture. Since they open outward, they also require screens to be detached for cleaning.
Awning Windows
Hinged at the top, awning windows open outward from the bottom via a crank or push mechanism. The awning design sheds rainwater, making them a good choice for areas prone to wet weather or for windows placed below eaves where they may be exposed to rain.
Awning windows offer good ventilation, even in rainy weather, because they can be left open slightly without bringing in rain. They can also be left partially open for security while still providing some airflow.
However, these windows typically have a limited opening size compared to other window types and may not be ideal for expansive views.
Picture Windows
Picture windows are stationary windows that offer large, unobstructed views of the outdoors. They are a great way to maximize natural light and showcase a beautiful landscape.
Picture windows are low maintenance as well because they don't open and require minimal cleaning. They are also very energy-efficient in smaller sizes due to the lack of moving parts.
However, these windows do not open for ventilation and cannot be used as an escape route in an emergency. Due to the increased glass area, larger picture windows can also be less energy-efficient.
Bay and Bow Windows
Bay and bow windows project outward from the wall in a curved or angled bay shape. They create a beautiful architectural feature and offer more expansive views than flat windows.
Bay windows typically consist of three windows, while bow windows have a more curved shape with four or more panes.
Bay and bow windows increase the amount of natural light entering a room and create a feeling of spaciousness by extending the interior footprint slightly. The added nook can be used for window seating or extra display areas.
However, bay and bow windows are more expensive than standard windows due to their larger size and additional materials. Their installation can also be more complex than that of single-pane windows.
What Are Commercial Windows, and What Are Their Different Types?
Unlike residential windows, commercial windows are designed with additional considerations such as durability, safety and large-scale functionality. Commercial windows also have robust building code requirements that differ greatly from residential applications. Because of this, it's important to explore their unique features and purposes.
Key Characteristics of Commercial Windows
Durability: Commercial windows are built to withstand extreme weather, high winds and potential impacts. They are typically constructed from stronger materials like aluminum or heavy-duty vinyl and may have thicker glass panes for added resilience.
Size: Commercial buildings often incorporate large expanses of windows, so commercial windows are designed to be manufactured in larger sizes than residential windows.
Energy Efficiency: Large windows can impact a building's energy use. Commercial windows are often double or triple-paned with special coatings to improve insulation and reduce heating and cooling costs.
Safety: Safety glazing is a common feature in commercial windows, especially for larger windows or those installed on lower levels. This can include tempered glass, laminated glass or plastic glazing materials designed to resist breakage and shattering.
Types of Commercial Windows
Fixed Windows: These are the most common type of commercial window and cannot be opened. They offer unobstructed views and maximize natural light penetration. Due to their simple design, fixed windows are typically large and very energy-efficient.
Double-Hung Windows: Similar to their residential counterparts, commercial double-hung windows feature two vertically sliding sashes for ventilation. However, they are built with a heavier-duty construction to accommodate larger sizes.
Horizontal Slider Windows: These windows feature sashes that slide horizontally along a track. They are a good choice for wider openings where ventilation is desired.
Casement Windows: Hinged on the side and crank-operated, casement windows offer excellent ventilation and a modern aesthetic. They are often seen in high-rise buildings.
Awning Windows: Hinged at the top, awning windows open outward and are ideal for areas prone to rain or for placement below overhangs.
Ribbon Windows: A series of small, horizontal fixed windows positioned one next to the other, ribbon windows create a continuous band of glass along a building's exterior. They provide a modern look and ample natural light.
Clerestory Windows: Installed high on a wall, clerestory windows allow natural light to reach deeper into a large space.
Understanding Specialty Windows
Not all windows are created equal. While standard rectangular windows serve a purpose, there are times when a more unique design solution is needed.
This is where specialty windows come in. Specialty windows are those that deviate from the typical square or rectangular shape and offer a variety of benefits such as:
Enhanced Aesthetics: Specialty windows can add a touch of architectural flair to a building's facade. Their unique shapes and styles can create a focal point or complement a building's overall design.
Increased Natural Light: Certain specialty windows, like strategically placed high windows or skylights, can bring natural light into areas that standard windows might not reach.
Improved Ventilation: Some specialty windows, like hopper or basement windows, can provide ventilation in areas where traditional windows may be impractical.
Some popular types of specialty windows include:
Shaped Windows: These windows come in various non-rectangular shapes, including arches, circles, triangles and ovals. They can be used as stand-alone statement pieces or to complement other window styles.
Skylights and Roof Windows: Installed on a sloped or flat roof, skylights allow natural light to flood into a room from above. They are ideal for bringing light into areas with limited wall space.
Transom Windows: These are horizontal windows positioned above doorways or standard windows. They can add architectural interest and allow for additional natural light.
Hopper Windows: Hinged at the bottom and opening inward, hopper windows are often used in basements or low-maintenance areas where outward swinging windows may not be ideal.
Garden Windows: Projecting outward from the wall with a small shelf, garden windows create a miniature greenhouse environment perfect for growing herbs or displaying small plants.
How to Choose the Right Windows for Your Project
Windows are an investment that can significantly impact your home or building's aesthetics, functionality and energy efficiency. With a wide variety of window styles, materials and features available, selecting the right ones for your project can seem overwhelming.
Here are some key considerations to make when choosing windows for your project:
1. Consider Your Needs and Priorities
Functionality: Think about how you'll use the windows. Do you prioritize ventilation, natural light, soundproofing or a combination of factors?
Style: What aesthetic are you going for? Consider the style of your home or building and choose windows that complement the architecture.
Budget: Windows vary in price depending on the material, size, features and brand. Determine your budget early on to help narrow down your options.
Energy Efficiency: Energy-efficient windows can significantly reduce your heating and cooling costs. Look for windows with high Energy Star ratings and consider factors like double or triple-paned glass and low-emissivity coatings.
Maintenance: Different window materials require varying levels of maintenance. Vinyl windows are generally low maintenance, while wood windows require periodic painting or staining.
2. Explore Different Window Types
Fixed Windows: Offer maximum natural light and unobstructed views but don't open for ventilation.
Vertical Sliding Windows: A classic choice that provides ventilation and easy operation.
Horizontal Sliding Windows: Ideal for wide openings and offer clear views when open.
Casement Windows: Excellent ventilation and a modern look, but require clearance for outward opening.
Awning Windows: Good for rainy climates and can be left open for ventilation without bringing in rain.
Specialty Windows: For unique design elements or specific functional needs, consider shaped windows, skylights or hopper windows.
3. Factor in Material and Performance
Window Frame: Common materials include vinyl (affordable, low-maintenance), aluminum (durable, good for large windows), wood (classic look, requires maintenance) and fiberglass (combination of durability and energy efficiency).
Glass Options: Double or triple-paned glass improves insulation, while Low-E coatings reflect heat and improve energy efficiency. Consider tempered or laminated glass for added safety, especially for larger windows or lower levels.
4. Consult With Professionals
Window Dealer: A reputable window dealer can help you understand the different options, answer your questions and provide quotes based on your needs.
Architect or Contractor: Consulting with an architect or contractor can be beneficial if you're working on a larger renovation project. They can advise on window styles that suit your building's design and functionality.
By carefully considering your priorities, exploring different window options and consulting with professionals, you can make an informed decision and choose the perfect windows that enhance your home or building for years to come.
To learn more about the building industry, continue exploring the Page Lumber blog. And if you have a question about materials for your upcoming project, contact us today.